Bases da Fisiopatologia da Diarreia (The Pathophysiology of Diarrhea)

Warren, Cirle Alcantara

doi:10.5151/9788580391893-30

Bases da Fisiopatologia da Diarreia (The Pathophysiology of Diarrhea)

Warren, Cirle Alcantara

Resumo:

Diarrhea is one of the most common complaints of patients seeking medical attention. It is commonly described as increased liquidity or decreased consistency (“loose or watery”) of stool1, 2. Other authors have defi ned diarrhea in terms of increased in stool frequency or fecal weight but in general, increased in defecation alone is not regarded as diarrhea and patients may have loose or watery stool with normal weight. The differential diagnosis for diarrhea is broad and the basic mechanism involved depends on the underlying etiologic cause. Understanding the basic physiology of the gastrointestinal tract is essential in the understanding of the mechanisms of gut dysfunction and the development of diarrhea.

The gastrointestinal tract is a delicate balance of 4 basic physiologic functions: secretion, absorption, barrier function and motility. All of these processes aim to facilitate extraction of nutrients or needed substances from food and excretion of excess, refuse and toxic materials. Intestinal absorption of water is crucial to maintain hydration for normal bodily functions. Moreover, the intestinal epithelium undergoes constant regeneration. As discussed in Chapter 16, intestinal cell proliferation occurs in the crypt, which actively supplies the sloughing enterocytes at the villus, where most absorption occurs. The entire intestinal epithelium may be replaced in 2-3 days.

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DOI: 10.5151/9788580391893-30

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Como citar:

WARREN, Cirle Alcantara; "Bases da Fisiopatologia da Diarreia (The Pathophysiology of Diarrhea)", p. 809-826. Sistema digestório: integração básico-clínica. São Paulo: Blucher, 2016.
ISBN: 9788580391893, DOI 10.5151/9788580391893-30