Resumo:

As seen in previous chapters, Brazil created sustainable biofuels production models, both for ethanol and biodiesel. However, these models need to be revised or adapted to allow further expansion of biofuels. This could be done either by modifying existing ones or the development of new market models.Sugarcane ethanol is the most important biofuel in Brazil. Its economics were heav­ily linked to the sugar market. During the last few decades, the success of new etha­nol-built distillery, was directly associated with joint production of sugar. This model currently has its limitations.Also, criticism related to biofuel and food competition, although not necessarily applicable in the case of sugarcane ethanol, do raise some concerns. Brazil also faces important criticism related to land use, particularly with deforestation in the Amazon region and beef cattle ranches in pastureland. Therefore, there could be a way out by reconciling all these issues by introducing different production models.